Authors:  Felix Wiebrecht, James F. Downes, Edward Chan and Anna Kam

Drawing on an original database of party expulsions of Far-Right parties in Europe across twenty countries from 2000-2020, Felix Wiebrecht, James F. Downes, Edward Chan and Anna Kam devise a theoretical model that groups expulsions into two categories that comprise accountability mechanisms and political purges. They find empirically that within the modern far-right, expulsions primarily take place due to two key factors, namely (a) ideological party disputes and (b) varying forms of extremism. These findings highlight the importance of internal party disputes alongside party leadership within the modern far-right that pose significant barriers to their electoral success.

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